Allport’s perspective (also see Zuroff, 1986), a person possessing a high level of trait anxiety would not be expected to manifest high levels of state anxiety across all situations, but only in situations perceived as threatening. Consequently, the results of challenge procedures are consistent with both a trait anxiety and an AS explanation, because both trait anxiety (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Luchene, 1970) and AS (Reiss, 1991; Reiss & McNally, 1985) have been hypothesized to produce differential reactivity of individuals to situations that are differentially anxiety-provoking (i.e., person-by-situation interactions). This point is nicely illustrated