CHAPTER 2 Acute toxicity of copper,

CHAPTER 2 Acute toxicity of copper, lead, zinc and their mixtures on
Evechinus chloroticus and Haliotis iris larvae ............................................................ 17
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 18
2.2 Methods ................................................................................................................ 21
2.2.1 Broodstock and spawning .............................................................................. 21
2.2.2 Larval assays ................................................................................................. 23
2.2.3 End point ........................................................................................................ 24
2.2.4 Statistics ......................................................................................................... 28
2.3 Results ................................................................................................................... 29
2.3.1 Single metals .................................................................................................. 30
2.3.2 Metal mixtures ............................................................................................... 38
2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 39
2.4.1 Comparison with current water quality criteria ............................................ 40
2.4.2 Comparison with related species ................................................................... 40
2.4.3 Effect of metals on larval development .......................................................... 45
2.4.4 Metal mixtures ............................................................................................... 47
2.4.5 Consequence for field populations ................................................................ 48
2.4.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 3 Latent effect of low level of copper contamination on Evechinus
chloroticus early life stages ........................................................................................... 51
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 52
3.2 Methods ................................................................................................................ 55
3.2.1 Broodstock and spawning .............................................................................. 55
3.2.2 Metal concentrations ..................................................................................... 55
3.2.3 Larval assays ................................................................................................. 56
3.2.4 Settlement ....................................................................................................... 60
3.2.5 Juvenile re-exposure experiment ................................................................... 61
3.2.6 Statistics ......................................................................................................... 62
3.3 Results ................................................................................................................... 65
3.3.1 Larval survival, growth and development ..................................................... 65
3.3.2 Settler performance ....................................................................................... 65

結果 (中文) 1:

章 2 铜、 铅、 锌、 及其复配物的急性毒性Evechinus chloroticus 和鲍虹膜幼虫......172.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................182.2 Methods ................................................................................................................212.2.1 亲虾和产卵...212.2.2 Larval assays .................................................................................................232.2.3 End point ........................................................................................................242.2.4 Statistics .........................................................................................................282.3 Results ...................................................................................................................292.3.1 Single metals ..................................................................................................302.3.2 Metal mixtures ...............................................................................................382.4 Discussion .............................................................................................................392.4.1 比较当前水的质量标准...402.4.2 比较和相关的物种...402.4.3 金属对幼虫发育的影响......452.4.4 Metal mixtures ...............................................................................................472.4.5 田间种群的后果...482.4.6 Conclusion .....................................................................................................49第 3 章潜在效应低水平的铜污染对 Evechinuschloroticus 早期生命阶段......513.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................523.2 Methods ................................................................................................................553.2.1 亲虾和产卵...553.2.2 Metal concentrations .....................................................................................553.2.3 Larval assays .................................................................................................563.2.4 Settlement .......................................................................................................603.2.5 少年重新暴露实验...613.2.6 Statistics .........................................................................................................623.3 Results ...................................................................................................................653.3.1 幼虫存活、 生长和发展......653.3.2 Settler performance .......................................................................................65

結果 (中文) 3:

第2章铜、铅、锌及其混合物的急性毒性Evechinus chloroticus和彩虹鲍幼虫............................................................十七2.1引言...........................................................................................................十八2.2种方法................................................................................................................二十一2.2.1亲鱼产卵..............................................................................二十一2.2.2幼虫的检测.................................................................................................二十三2.2.3终点........................................................................................................二十四2.2.4统计.........................................................................................................二十八2.3结果...................................................................................................................二十九2.3.1单金属..................................................................................................三十2.3.2金属混合物...............................................................................................三十八2.4讨论.............................................................................................................三十九2.4.1比较目前的水质标准............................................四十2.4.2比较相关的物种...................................................................四十对幼虫发育的影响..........................................................金属2.4.3四十五2.4.4金属混合物...............................................................................................四十七2.4.5后果田间种群................................................................四十八2.4.6结论.....................................................................................................四十九低铜污染水平对Evechinus 3章潜在的影响早期生命阶段........................................................................................... chloroticus五十一3.1引言...........................................................................................................五十二3.2种方法................................................................................................................五十五3.2.1亲鱼产卵..............................................................................五十五3.2.2金属浓度.....................................................................................五十五3.2.3检测.................................................................................................幼虫五十六3.2.4结算.......................................................................................................六十3.2.5少年重新暴露实验...................................................................六十一3.2.6统计.........................................................................................................六十二3.3结果...................................................................................................................六十五3.3.1幼虫的存活、生长发育.....................................................六十五3.3.2沉降性能.......................................................................................六十五