Reflection:The chapter combines research and practice to explore learning mechanisms and new design principles in the learning sciences, emphasizing the interconnected nature of learning and the significance of contextual factors. Study of learning at the individual level and under social influence through elemental and systems perspectives. The discussion on collaborative discourse and authentic disciplinary practices underscores the importance of creating meaningful learning experiences. Furthermore, the integration of systemic and elemental perspectives highlights the complexities involved in designing effective learning environments. The discipline of learning science combines research and practice to explore learning mechanisms and new design principles. Study of learning at the individual level and under social influence through elemental and systems perspectives. This approach is critical to innovative learning environments and optimizing outcomes.