Najda and Buczkowska [26] obtained very low TPC levels: 215.14 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight for R. rugosa, and 121.38 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight for R. spinosissima. Much higher TPC was noted by Demir et al. [14] for R. gallica (3151 mg GAE/100 g DW) than measured in the present study.