To complicate matters, most of the mitochondrial genetic diversity of R. iberica is located in the southern part of its range, a scenario also described for several co-distributed species (Paulo et al. 2001; Alexandrino et al. 2002, 2007; Martı´nez-Solano et al. 2006; Teixeira et al. 2015). Lineage B exhibits by far the higher mitochondrial diversity of the species. Lineage A followswith a moderate diversity and lineage C exhibits a highly depauperate genetic diversity.