DIAGNOSIS: Negative for high grade urothelial carcinoma Note: 1. the new "The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology" is used in this report 2. the main goal of the system is to identify high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) cases only 3. the negative category includes: a. urothelial cells that are almost entirely normal and benign b. urothelial cells with reactive changes due to infectious and nonneoplastic processes, including those that result in obvious cellular/nuclear atypia; e.g. radiation-induced atypia cases are classified as "Negative for HGUC" and not as "Atypical urothelial cells" c. cases that may have some cytologic features of low-grade urothelial neoplasms/carcinoma 4. risk of malignancy in this category is about 2% MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: The urine sample contains benign-looking superficial umbrella and intermediate urothelial cells only. The superficial umbrella cells are characterized by its larger cell size with abundant, foamy cytoplasm and centrally located round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear membranes and fine chromatin. Bi- or multinucleated cells are occasionally seen. Smaller intermediate cells with nuclei basically the same size and character as superficial cells but imparting a high N/C ratio as well as coarser nuclear chromatin are also present. However, the thin, even nuclear membranes and uniform chromatin distribution, which also characterized the nuclei of the superficial umbrella cells, will support their totally benign condition.