multiple concrete SBR basins are
commonly used (CASS, 1999).
The design of SBR systems can be based on
carbonaceous BOD removal only or both
carbonaceous and nitrogenous BOD removal. The
system can be expanded to achieve optimum
nitrification and carbonaceous removal by operating
primarily in an oxic state with few anoxic periods
such as during settle and decant.
Denitrification and biological phosphorous removal
can be promoted by providing adequate anoxic
periods after intense aerobic cycles. This allows
DO to be dissipated and nitrate to be used by the
consuming organism and released as elemental
nitrogen. By introducing an anaerobic process after
the anoxic process, bacteria conducive to excess
phosphorous uptake will develop. Phosphorous
will be released in the anaerobic phase, but
additional phosphorous is incorporated into the cell
mass during subsequent aerobic cycles. Since the
excess phosphorous is incorporated in the cell mass,
cell wastage must be practiced to achieve a net
phosphorous removal. Anaerobic conditions should
be avoided in treating the waste sludge since they
may result in the release of the phosphorous.