This paper describes the origin and

This paper describes the origin and subsequent development of coal petrology at Penn State and its related re-birth in the United States between the 1950s and the 1980s. The combination of the appreciation of the diversity of coalified material from studies of the Brandon Lignite of Vermont and a steel industry technologic problem proposed to the University for solution resulted in a new descriptive system for predicting coking behavior and coke quality from coal composi- tion. Penn State continued to play a role in coal research which resulted in the standard palynological reference, ‘‘Catalog of Fossil Spores and Pollen’’; studies of uranium-bearing lignites, modern organic sediments, and coal liquefaction and gasification; the creation of the North American Coal Petrographers Žpredecessor of The Society of Organic Petrology., The Coal Sample Bank and Data Base, and widely recognized short courses in coal petrology; and the development of numerous graduates who created other company-specific coke quality prediction systems, as well as a multitude of other research and educational programs. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

結果 (中文) 1:

本文介绍的起源和后续开发的煤岩学宾夕法尼亚州立大学和其相关再一次出生在 1950 年代至 1980 年代美国。煤化材料从佛蒙特州的布兰登褐煤和钢铁工业的技术问题，向大学提出解决研究的多样性赏析的结合导致一个新的描述性预测炼焦煤煤灰从行为和焦炭质量系统。宾夕法尼亚州立大学继续发挥作用，在煤炭研究导致标准的孢粉学参考，' 目录的化石孢子和花粉 ';研究含铀褐煤、 现代有机沉积物和煤炭液化和气化;创造的有机岩石学。、 煤样本银行和数据基础上，和广泛公认的短期课程，在煤岩学; 北美煤 Petrographers Žpredecessor和许多毕业生创建其他特定于公司的焦炭质量预测系统，发展，以及大量的其他研究和教育项目。q 2000 爱思唯尔科学 bv 公司保留所有权利。

結果 (中文) 3:

This paper describes the Origin of coal and subsequent宾夕法尼亚州立大学开发petrology at birth and its related重新in the United States and the between the 50年代。the combination of the diversity of appreciation of the studies of the coalified材料来自佛蒙特州的褐煤of布兰登和钢铁工业技术问题提出解决方案resulted in to the University for新系统的行为描述和焦炭质量预测从煤焦化性成分。宾州continued to play a role in which the Standard resulted in Coal Research Catalog of reference孢粉化石，' ' ' '的孢子和花粉；含铀lignites Studies of Modern Organic，煤炭液化和气化的沉积物，and the creation of the；北美煤炭petrographers有机petrology.Žpredecessor of the Society of the Coal，样本银行的数据基础，and widely in a short购物petrology and the development of Coal；毕业生创造了许多其他公司的焦炭质量预测系统的特异性为多，as well as of other programs and Educational Research）。2000年Elsevier科学有限公司保留所有权利。