Because cranes have become more sophisticated and are able to lift heavier loads, higher, further and faster, crane operators must be well trained. The day of total reliance upon “seat-of-the-pants” operator skills is gone. Today's operator must have a clear understanding of load dynamics (see figure 12), lifting capacities at various configurations, and the conditions under which such lifting capacities are valid. In a sentence, today's crane is complex. (See figure 13.) The lifting capacity charts and related notes are also complex. They require operators who are able to interpret the information properly if the lift is to be safe and successful. Management is responsible for the operator's training