Another question is that of efficiency of the outcome. In rent seeking, it may be socially desirable to have the minimum total investment. Then the underdog briber should go first. In R&D races, we may be concerned with the industry's total expected profit, or may want to add on some spillover benefit to society. In both cases, it is of interest to compare the Nash equilibrium with a leader-follower outcome. But once again, the general answers are so vague that the question is best addressed specifically in each application.