ConclusionsIn conclusion, the present study shows that FGBR, the germinated brown rice fermented by L. acidophilus, inhibits preneoplastic lesions of the colon in rats treated with DMH/DSS. Activation of the apoptotic pathway is a possible mechanism for this effect. FGBR at the 2.5% level may be an optimal dose for its preventive effect on colorectal carcinogenesis, while FGBR at the 10% level seems to have no added benefit. This fermented rice product may have the potential to be developed as a novel dietary supplement for the chemoprevention of CRC.