Perceptual bias modification strategies aim to correct youths' bias towards perceiving negative affective states in others (Pollack & Tolley-Schell, 2003). The therapist first asks the youth to identify a variety of feelings expressed in magazine pictures or photos of youth and adults. If the youth displays bias towards negative emotions (e.g., labels neutral faces “mad” or is unable to distinguish between different negative emotions), the therapist provides practice in accurate emotion identification. This includes in vitro (e.g., using pictures) as well as in vivo experiences (asking individuals how they are feeling), using gradual exposure to assure that safe individuals are selected for the initial in vivo activities. Through these activities youth gain a more accurate perspective on others' emotions, which are often a source of the youth's own affective distress. Self-awareness skill-building: Many youth with complex trauma lack self-awareness about how others perceive them in social interactions. The therapist encourages the youth to describe a recent negative social interaction and to tape record the youth's description of this interaction. After the youth describes the interaction (preferably including verbal exchanges between the youth and the other person), the therapist asks the youth to describe the feeling the youth was trying to convey to the other person. The therapist then replays the tape recording as the youth and therapist to explore whether the youth accurately conveyed the desired emotion during the youth's description of the interaction. For example, a youth who intended to express hurt feelings to a friend for not calling, instead realized upon listening to herself that she had expressed a great deal of anger and rejection towards her friend. This led to her expressing remorse because she “didn't mean to sound like that” and problem solving about how to correct mistakes that are later regretted. Through similar self-reflective activities, youth gain greater ability to modulate social interactions and thus to effectively access social support.