The cross-sectional results are supported by the panel specification, where in addition to the overall institutional quality and external vulnerability, we also control for the level of financial development (M2/GDP) and (log of) real per capita income of the economies. The estimated coefficient of Kcont is statistically significant in almost all specifications, and the magnitude of the estimated effect is similar to that reported above. Examining the individual components of Kcont, both in cross-section and panel data, the association between Kcont and debt liabilities stems from the effect of capital controls on bond inflows, which strongly reduce the share of debt liabilities in total liabilities.