The semantic differential
The semantic differential technique proved useful in gaining an insight into the way in which passengers perceived their carriage environment. Fig 6 shows a comparison between the semantic profiles of an old and a new 2nd class open carriage. The profiles show clearly that the newer carriage type was judged quieter, brighter, more modern, better and cleaner than the older type. Besides the differences in profile, there are also similarities, notably on the cramped-spacious dimension. In fact, the space allowances in the two car 8e types are equivalent and this result seems to suggest that the large differences perceived on the other dimensions are indeed genuine.