With the miniaturization of flow de

With the miniaturization of flow devices, it becomes hard to pump fluid across nanoconfined geometries, where the large surface volume ratio presents a step dissipative barrier to fluid motion. Though progress in moving material inside the carbon naotubes has been made, it is difficult to develop a suitable nanoscale water pump device which can make a continuous unidirectional water flow on nanoscale.15,16 Conventionally, transporting water directionally through a nanochannel is driven by an osmotic or hydrostatic pressure gradient.17 Such a method would involve a large reservoir of solution on one side of the nanochannel to produce the pressure gradient. In additional, chemical and thermal gradients are also applied to drive fluid through nanochannels.18,19 Recently, different from the conversional methods, various novel blueprints for a nanopump have been proposed.20−22 In 1999, Kral et al. ́proposed a laser-driven pump for atomic transport through carbon nanotubes,20 while Insepov et al., using numerical simulations, showed that the gas inside the carbon nanotube can be driven by the Rayleigh surface wave.2 The experimentsthat followed have confirmed that nanoparticles inside the hollow core of multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be driven in the direction of the electron flow.22 Later, Duan et al. proposed
an energy pump for activating axial water molecules flow inside a carbon nanotube by setting up a small portion of the initially twisted wall of the carbon nanotube.

結果 (中文) 1:

与流装置的小型化，它变得难以泵流体跨 nanoconfined 几何形状，在那里的大表面体积比提出了一个步耗散障碍对流体运动。尽管取得了进展，使材料内部碳 naotubes，很难制定合适的纳米水泵装置可以使连续的单向水常规流 nanoscale.15,16，输的水定向通过纳米通道由渗透或静水压力 gradient.17 这种方法会涉及一侧的纳米通道产生压力梯度解大型水库。在额外的化学和热梯度也适用于驱动流体通过 nanochannels.18,19 最近，不同于常规的方法，nanopump 的各种新型蓝图已在 1999 年的 proposed.20−22，克拉等人 ́proposed 碳纳米管，20 时 Insepov et al.，使用数值模拟表明，碳纳米管内的气体可以由的瑞利表面 wave.2 experimentsthat 遵循原子输运的激光驱动泵已经证实那里面的空心纳米多壁碳纳米管可以驱动后，方向电子 flow.22 段等人提出通过设置最初扭曲壁碳纳米管的一小部分活化的碳纳米管的轴向水分子流能量泵。

結果 (中文) 3:

随着流动装置的小型化，也就很难泵流体在nanoconfined几何，到大的表面体积比提出一步耗散流体运动障碍。尽管在移动内部材料碳纳米管取得进展，很难制定一个合适的纳米水泵装置，可以使一个连续的单向水流对纳米级16传统定向通过通道输送水的渗透压gradient.17这种方法会涉及到一个大型水库的溶液对纳米通道的一侧产生压力梯度驱动。另外，化学和热梯度也适用于驱动流体通过通道。18、19日前，不同于以往的方法，各种新的蓝图，一nanopump已提出。20−22 1999，克拉尔等人。́提出激光驱动通过碳纳米管原子输运泵，20，insepov等人，利用数值模拟，表明在碳纳米管中的气体可以由瑞利面波驱动。2 experimentsthat随后证实，多壁碳纳米管可以被驱动的电子flow.22方向后，空心纳米粒子，段等人。提出的一种用于在碳纳米管内通过设置一小部分的碳纳米管来激活轴向水分子的能量泵。