The improvement of molecular tools, usually based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, has allowed a fast and sensitive characterization of the majority of wine Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Community analysis of bacteria using molecular methods such as PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) in combination with denaturing or temperature
gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE or TGGE) is commonly performed in microbial ecology [4, 17, 11, 25].Recently, the rpoB gene codifying for the RNA polymerase beta subunit has been used as an alternative to the 16S RNA gene [8, 9, 18, 19, 20] although the database of the sequence is less documented than that of the 16S rRNA gene and therefore, each DGGE band cannot easily be attributed to a species.