Tip and irrigation temperatures may exceed the tissue necrosis point if insufficient irrigation flow rates are used. For hard tissue removal, set the irrigation flowrate to a setting no less than the comparable vibration setting. For example, if the vibration setting is 70, a minimum flow setting of 70% should be used. Additional external irrigation,e.g. by administering sterile saline with a syringe over the distal tip portion, may be necessary for removal of very dense, hard osseous structures..