Recent reconnaissance studies have reported PPCP-contaminated water around the world (Ashton et al.,
2004; Focazio et al., 2008; Hirsch et al., 1999; Kolpin et al.,
2002; Tixier et al., 2003). Specifically, PPCPs have been detected
in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent (Ashton
et al., 2004), hospital effluent (Ku¨ mmerer et al., 1997),
surface water (Kolpin et al., 2002), ground water (Barnes et al.,
2008), and drinking water (Benotti et al., 2009).