While other studies discussed more than two variables utilized from HPM. For example, some studies evaluated the HPM concepts (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, exercise self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA, social support, and exposure to modeling, interpersonal norms, commitment to PA planning, competing demands) as a means to predict PA [7], compared perceived self-efficacy, exercise benefits, exercise barriers, and commitment to exercise between patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and assessing the influence of perceived exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits, and barriers to commitment [8], used HPM and its stages of change to improve PA behavior among adolescents [10], examined the impact of performing HPM intervention on PA of the health volunteers [19], and used HPM to examine relationship between dietary and fluid non adherence, depressive symptoms, quality of life, perceived barriers and benefits of exercise, and perceived social support among patients with ESRD [9]. Moreover, some studies explored perception of exercise benefits and barriers along with the factors associated with such perceptions among patients with ESRD [11], assessed the relationship between perceived exercise self-efficacy, benefits and barriers, and commitment to exercise planning [14], used HPM to describe and identify the predictors of health-promoting behaviors among migrant workers [13], and examined facilitators and barriers that migrant women identified related to breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography [22]. Furthermore, some studies assessed the effect of application of HPM on management of hypertension among adults [18], investigated the effect of HPM to improve the nutritional behavior of overweight and obese women [20], and examined relationships among health responsibility, resilience, neighborhood perception, social support, and health promoting behaviors in adolescents [21].