Obstruents or obstruents are opposite to sonorants, and refer to consonants whose tuning method is to hinder the airflow and increase the air pressure in the vocal cavity, such as [k], [d3], [f, etc.
Obstructive or obstructive sounds are consonants, such as [k], [d3], [f], etc., that are opposed to sounds and are tuned to block airflow and increase the pressure in the vocal cavity.
Obstruction sound or blocking sound is opposite to ringing sound, which refers to the consonants whose tuning method is to hinder the airflow from going out and make the air pressure in the sound cavity rise, such as [k], [d3] and [f].