4.2 Methodological research approaches to investigate on location-based advertising onmobile devices From the methodological perspective, we distinguish four major research approaches, i.e., (1) design-oriented approach, (2) social science experiment with users, (3) computational experimental analysis, and (4) survey. Each publication was assigned exactly to one category (no multiple assignments). In our sample, half of the publications (33) were design-oriented, 17 publications provided surveys, 8 publications reported on social science experiments, and 8 contributed with a computational experimental analysis. In the following we perform a twofold refinement: first, the publications of our analysis allowed for an identification of 10 subtopics and aspects, and second, we distinguish between 11 technologies delivering the location-based advertisement, all of which we perform a mapping of the methodological research approaches.