Studies have shown that workers in the two-tiered labour market also tend to be stratifyed by ethnic group, gender and educational level. Usually minority groups, unregistered migrant workers, women, less educated people tend to work in the secondary labour market, while men, whites, relatively highly educated people, more often occupy the position of the primary labour market. And the working lives of these minorities, such as blacks, are tied to the sub-market and it is difficult to move to the primary labour market.
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