The economic conformance level mode

The economic conformance level model proposes a cost-minimising quality level, achieved by balancing prevention and appraisal costs against internal and external failure costs. The point at which marginal prevention and appraisal costs equal marginal failure costs is the optimal economic conformance level. This model posits a trade-off between the costs of failure and the cost of conformance.
Ponemon et al. (1994) and Ittner (1996) are some of the few studies that provide empirical evidence about relationships among the four traditional categories of quality, the magnitude of the trade-offs between conformance and non-conformance costs, or the lag between increased conformance activity and reductions in quality failure. Ponemon et al. (1994) find a cost-to-quality relationship, and a trade-off between conformance costs and external failure costs. They also provide evidence of unknown associations for both prevention and appraisal expenditures and internal failure costs. Likewise, Ittner (1996) finds evidence that additional investments in prevention and appraisal activities were associated with significant reductions in non-conformance costs in the current or following year.

結果 (中文) 1:

经济的一致性级别模型提出了成本降至最低的质量水平，通过平衡对内部和外部故障成本预防成本和鉴定成本。点的边际预防和鉴定成本等于边际失败成本是最优经济一致性级别。此模型假定，失败的代价与一致性的成本之间的权衡。内蒙等人 （1994 年） 和特纳 （1996 年） 是为数不多的研究提供有关质量、 一致性和非一致性成本或增加的一致性活动和减少质量故障之间的时间差之间权衡数量级的四个传统类别之间的关系的实证证据。内蒙等人 （1994 年） 找到一个成本与质量的关系和一致性成本和外部故障成本之间的权衡。他们也为预防和评估支出和内部缺陷成本提供证据的未知事物的联想。同样，特纳 （1996 年） 发现的证据那额外的投资在预防和评估活动是与非一致性成本显著减少关联在当前或以下年。

結果 (中文) 3:

经济性水平模型提出了一种成本及质量水平，通过平衡预防和鉴定成本和内部和外部故障成本的实现。边际预防和评价成本等于边际失效成本的一点是最优的经济一致性水平。该模型假定失败和一致性成本的成本之间的权衡。Ponemon等人。（1994）和伊特纳（1996）都是提供经验证据质量的四个传统范畴之间关系的研究较少，一致性和非一致性成本之间的权衡的大小，或滞后增加一致性活动和质量损失的减少之间。Ponemon等人。（1994）找到一个符合质量关系的成本，以及一个符合成本和外部故障成本之间的折衷。他们还提供了一个未知协会的证据，预防和评估费用和内部故障成本。同样，伊特纳（1996）发现，在预防和鉴定活动的额外投资在目前的或年的非一致性成本显著下降有关。