Inclusion of OptionsIt is not uncommon for a bond issue to include a provision that gives either the bondholder and/or the issuer an option to take some action against the other party.The presence of an embedded option has an effect on the spread of an issue relative to a Treasury security and the spread relative to otherwise comparable issues that do not have an embedded option.An analytical measure called the option-adjusted spread (OAS) is the yield spread after adjusting for the value of the embedded options.Absent any embedded options, the lower rated bond would have a higher benchmark spread.