In the absence of express authority, the ship master has no authority: (1)To charter the ship2) To vary the contract of affreightment:3)To issue bills of lading differing from the charter;(4) To sign bills of lading for goods not shipped(5)To sign a second bill of lading for goods for which a bill has already signed(6) To agree to carry goods freight free or to agree that freight shall be paid to a person other than the ship owner:(7)To certify the quality, as distinct from the condition, of goods shipped(8)To settle claims for freight or demurrage.