Trauma and substance abuse can them

Trauma and substance abuse can themselves be a basis for affiliation with a subculture. De Girolamo (1993) reports that “disaster subcul­tures” exist within many cultures. These cul­tures of victimization, like all subcultures, have unique worldviews, codes of conduct, and per­ceptions of the larger society. In a disaster sub­ culture, people are, to some extent, inured to disaster and heedless of warnings of impend­ing disaster. For example, riverbank erosion in Bangladesh displaces thousands of people each year, yet few believe that it is a serious problem or that the displacement will be permanent (Hutton, 2000). Israelis who have lived with unpredictable violence for many years behave differently in public areas and have adapted to different norms than people who don’t com­ monly experience violence (Young, 2001).

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

創傷和物質濫用本身可以是一個亞文化隸屬關係的基礎。德吉羅拉莫（1993）報導說，“災難亞文化”，許多文化中存在。受害的這些文化，像所有的亞文化，具有獨特的世界觀，行為守則，和大社會的看法。在災難亞文化，人們都在一定程度上，習慣了災難和即將來臨的災難的警告不顧。例如，在孟加拉國的河岸侵蝕，每年置換數千人，但很少有人認為，這是一個嚴重的問題，或者位移將是永久性的（赫頓，2000年）。誰也不可預知的暴力居住多年的以色列人表現不同的公共區域，並適應不同的規範比人誰不COM monly經驗暴力（楊，2001）。

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

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結果 (繁體中文) 3:

創傷和藥物濫用本身可以成為與亞文化聯系的基礎。De Girolamo（1993）報告說，在許多文化中都存在著“災難子特徵”。這些受害文化和所有亞文化一樣，都有著獨特的世界觀、行為準則和更大社會的觀念。在災難亞文化中，人們在某種程度上習慣於災難，而忽視了對即將來臨的災難的警告。例如，孟加拉每年有數千人因河岸侵蝕而流離失所，但很少有人認為這是一個嚴重的問題，或流離失所將是永久性的（Hutton，2000年）。以色列人多年來一直生活在不可預測的暴力中，他們在公共場所的行為管道不同，適應的規範也不同於那些沒有經歷過暴力的人（Young，2001）。