Methods: A case–control study was conducted to evaluate the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with historic pesticide exposure in California’s Central Valley, the most agriculturally productive region in the United States where pesticide drift poses<br>a major source of nonoccupational exposure. Residential and occupational histories were linked to commercial pesticide reports and<br>land use data to determine exposure to specific chemicals. Cases (N = 155) were recruited from a population-based cancer registry,<br>and controls (N = 150) were obtained from tax assessor and Medicare list mailings.<br>Results: There was no association between breast cancer and exposure to a selected group of organochlorine pesticides thought<br>to have synergistic endocrine-disrupting potential; however, breast cancer was three times as likely to occur among women<br>exposed to chlorpyrifos compared with those not exposed, after adjusting for exposure to other pesticides including organochlorines<br>(OR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.38, 7.53).<br>Conclusions: Organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, have rarely been evaluated in studies of breast cancer risk.<br>Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and to better understand the underlying mechanisms given that chlorpyrifos<br>has been detected in local air monitoring at levels of concern for residents living in the agricultural regions where it is used.<br>Keywords: Breast cancer; Pesticides; Geographical Information Systems; Exposure Assessment
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