To test hypotheses 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4, path coefficients were checked between the four nostalgia domains and behavioral involvement. The path between nostalgia 2 and behavioral involvement (γ 22 = .14, t = 2.09) was significant at the .05 level (H 2-1). The hypothesized paths related to 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 were also significant (p < .05 or p < .001). Specifically, the resultant paths between nostalgia 1 and familiarity (γ 31 = .13, t = 2.65), between nostalgia 2 and familiarity (γ 32 = .21, t = 3.28), between nostalgia 3 and familiarity (γ 33 = .19, t = 3.36), and nostalgia 4 and familiarity (γ 34 = .20, t = 3.86) were significant at the .05 level or .001 level