where τi, τj , and τk are (respectively) the time delays of the given reflected, diffracted, and<br>scattered rays – normalized to the delay of the LOS ray – as defined previously. The received<br>power Pr of rtotal(t) and the corresponding path loss Pr/Pt are then obtained from (2.27).<br>Any of these multipath components may have an additional attenuation factor if its propagation path is blocked by buildings or other objects. In this case, the attenuation factor of<br>the obstructing object multiplies the component’s path-loss term in (2.27). This attenuation<br>loss will vary widely, depending on the material and depth of the object [5; 34]. Models for<br>random loss due to attenuation are described in Section 2.7.
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