Rather than emotional labor, however, some organizational researchers have recently begun to turn their attention to the broader construct of emotional regulation, defined by Gross (1998, p. 275) as “the process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them and how they experience and express these emotions.”Developed out of the social psychology literature, the emotion regulation process is more nuanced than emotional labor and involves a conscious, effortful, and controlled regulation of emotion as well as unconscious, effortless and automatic regulation (Gross & Thompson 2007). Some types of emotion regulation are focused on dealing with antecedents (e.g., situation selection and modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change), whereas others entail modulation of responses aimed at increasing, maintaining, or decreasing emotion, depending on an individual’s goals.