The sample comprised Swedish manufacturing firms in four industries, with 100–1000 employees, engaged with internal NPD. This means that all firms had an internal NPD function, or, when organized differently, a number of people actively working with NPD on a continuous basis in-house. All firms had a person assigned to the position of product development manager or equivalent,who was selected as the key respondent. Paying attention to firm size ensured firms large enough to have a NPD organization, yet small enough for a single respondent to have a satisfactory overview of operations and activities.