The final factor derived from the nature of the innovation itself. In their study of various large-scale, longitudinal innovations, Huberman and Miles (1984) found that innovations that were smaller in scope and that placed fewer demands on teachers were more likely to take root and be sustained. By contrast, innovations that created too many demands or were too complex to understand did not have the success of more manageable programs. Furthermore, innovations that required too many changes in the current functioning of the school were less successful than more proscribed innovations (Huberman & Miles).