Notice that the solutions for parents (in bold font) are about two times that of solutions from the GCA model. The standard errors are also about two times larger. This is because the animal model solutions are breeding values not GCA values. Using this file we can easily rank all the individuals (parents and progeny) on the same scale and make selections (again, if we are interested in selecting with equal weight among provenances rather than selecting for overall best predictions that include provenance effects). Also notice that the standard error of breeding values for parents (191, 192, and 170) are smaller than standard errors of breeding values for progeny. This is expected because parental breeding values use data from their progeny whereas
progeny have one data point each. This fact also causes another effect that can be observed in the residual diagnostic plot of residual values plotted against the predicted values (Figure 4.3).