2. Item-total correlation – This refers to ‘the correlation of the item to the summated scale score’ (Hair et al., 2010, p. 125). Further, summated scale ‘is formed by combining several individual variables (items) into a single composite measure’ (Hair et al., 2010, p. 124). Rules of thumb suggest that the item-total correlation should exceed 0.2 (Everitt and Skrondal, 2010) or 0.3 (Field, 2009).