As shown in Fig. 12, the volume of

As shown in Fig. 12, the volume of the pure-water flux at steady state showed a linear dependency on the pressure applied across the membrane. This indicates that the transmembrane pressure is the only driving force for permeation. The pure-water fluxes were measured at 0.2e0.5 MPa of applied pressure. A significant difference in the permeabilities of the g-alumina nanofiltration membranes based on the different peptizing agents was observed. The permeability (24.8 L/(m2 h bar)) of A-membrane was three times more than that of N-membrane (7.4 L/(m2 h bar)) and was four times more than that reported in the literature. Fig. 13a shows the correlation between the MWCO and the pure water flux for the g-alumina membranes we prepared and that reported in literature [16e22]. It could be found that both A-membrane and Nmembrane showed higher flux than the g-alumina membranes reported in literature. The high permeability of the N-membrane could be explained by the asymmetric tubular supports we used, which showed much smaller resistance than the disk supports used in literature. The much higher permeability of A-membrane than that of N-membrane could be explained by the relatively high porosity, the uniform pore-size distribution and the small tortuosity. The contribution ratios of such factors to pure water flux were calculated according to Hagen-Poiseuille model [34]: where h is the liquid viscosity and B0 the total permeability which is
defined as

結果 (中文) 3:

如图12所示，在稳定状态下的纯水通量的体积呈线性依赖于所施加的压力的膜。这表明，跨膜压力是唯一的驱动力的渗透。在0.2e0.5 MPa的压力测定纯水通量。观察到的基于不同溶剂克-氧化铝的纳滤膜的渗透率差异。渗透率（24.8 L/（m2 h吧））的a-membrane比n-membrane三倍（7.4 L/（m2 h吧）），较文献报道的四倍。图13a显示截留分子量和膜的纯水通量为我们准备的克-氧化铝膜和文献[ 16e22 ]的关系。可以发现，a-membrane和nmembrane比文献报道的克-氧化铝膜高通量。n-membrane的高渗透性可以解释的不对称管状支持我们，在文献中，它表现出更小的电阻比磁盘支持。更高的渗透性a-membrane比n-membrane可以由相对高孔隙度解释，均匀的孔径分布和小曲折。根据Hagen-Poiseuille模型[ 34 ]计算等因素，纯水通量的贡献率：其中h是液体的粘度和B0是
定义为
总渗透