Scent lineup procedures have been accepted because a number of assumptions have guided police
work with dogs in such procedures, including that individuals have unique odors,5 such odors are stable
over time,6 dogs can differentiate between odors of individuals and can be taught to signal that two
odors match and are produced by the same individual,7 such signaling of identity will happen with
approximately the same accuracy for any individual,8 and that lineups can be designed to take advantage
of these skills.9 There is also an assumption that dogs will be relatively consistent in their abilities