肾脏主要由肾单位组成，每一个肾脏有1000000个左右的肾脏。肾单位包

肾脏主要由肾单位组成，每一个肾脏有1000000个左右的肾脏。肾单位包括肾小管、肾皮质、肾小管中的肾小管。肾内科居县人民医院；崔昭山
肾小体由肾小球和肾肾小球囊是由5 ~ 8支由一组毛细血管小动脉球分离。少量的毛细血管中充满少量的系统，系统是由肾小球系膜基质和少量的系膜细胞。肾小球毛细血管壁分为3层：内层为内皮细胞，基底膜，中间层为上皮细胞，这3层称为“肾小球滤过膜”，这是肾脏重要的生理功能。小动脉的特殊结构和小动脉的小动脉是一种特殊的结构，它由细胞和密集的斑块组成。在细胞的细胞质中，细胞质中含有分泌颗粒。免疫荧光显示，这些颗粒含有肾素，超过90%的人体分泌的细胞。当肾缺血时，肾动脉压下降可刺激肾素分泌，使球在细胞内并称为细胞的压力。致密斑由远端肾小管上皮细胞演化而来，细胞内的含量是小颗粒，可以改变远端小管中钠离子的容量和浓度。因此，它被称为“钠敏感细胞”，它可以调节细胞内肾素的分泌。
肾小管可分为近端小管（包括近曲小管和髓袢降粗节），髓袢细段，远端小管（包括袢升支粗段循环和远曲小管）。对近端肾小管重吸收肾小球滤过液（尿）在几乎所有的葡萄糖，氨基酸和蛋白质，和65%的钠，对水和尿素50% 85%，而且管腔分泌H，氨，肌酐，马尿酸。是大量的尿液及一定的废物分泌有用的物质重吸收的一个重要组成部分。金属是稀释尿液是关键，对NaCl的主动重吸收的上皮细胞和吸水不关联，使肾小管液中的部分成为低渗液，尿液稀释成为可能。远端小管的功能是继续吸收水和钠。}，并能分泌钾、氢和氨，维持血液酸碱平衡。醛固酮能促进部分上皮细胞吸收钠、钾、抗利尿激素能改善其吸水性，使尿浓度、尿量减少。
肾脏的主要生理功能是产生尿液，并排出体内的代谢产物和一些废物，有毒物质，同时通过重新吸收有用物质，调节水、电解质和酸碱平衡。此外，在肾脏分泌一些重要的内分泌激素的公平（如肾素，促红细胞生成素（EPO），前列环素），和胰岛素，胃泌素，甲状旁腺激素和其他激素破坏生活的地方

結果 (中文) 3:

The kidney is composed of a kidney unit, each of which has 1000000 or so kidneys. The renal units include the renal tubules, renal cortex, renal tubular in the renal tubules. The people's Hospital of the Department of internal medicine in the kidney; Cui Zhaoshan
renal body consists of 5 ~ 8. A small amount of capillary is filled with a small amount of system, the system is composed of glomerular mesangial matrix and a small number of mesangial cells. Glomerular capillary wall is divided into 3 layers: the inner layer is endothelial cells, the basement membrane, the middle layer is epithelial cells, the 3 layer is called "the glomerular filtration membrane", which is the important physiological function of kidney.The special structure of small arteries and small arteries are a special structure, which consists of cells and dense patches. In the cytoplasm of the cells, the cytoplasm contains secretory granules. Immunofluorescence showed that these particles contained renin, more than 90% of the cells secreted by the human body. When renal ischemia, renal artery pressure drops to stimulate the secretion of renin, so that the ball in the cell and called the cell pressure. The dense patches are evolved from the distal renal tubular epithelial cells, and the content of the cell is small, which can change the capacity and concentration of sodium ion in the distal tubule. As a result, it is known as "sodium sensitive cell", which can regulate the secretion of renin in the cell.
Renal tubule can be divided into proximal tubule (including nearly tubule and Henle's loop drop slub), thin segment of medullary loop, distal tubules (including loop l a thick section of loop and the distal convoluted tubule). On proximal renal tubular reabsorption of fluid of kidney spherule filtration (urine) in almost all of the glucose, amino acid and protein, and 65% of sodium, water and 50% to 85% of urea and luminal secretion of H, ammonia, creatinine, hippuric acid. Is a large number of urine and a certain amount of waste material to be useful for the absorption of a important part of the material. Metal is the key to dilute urine, the active absorption of NaCl and the absorption of the epithelial cells and water is not associated, so that part of the renal tubular fluid is a low permeability liquid,Urine dilution becomes possible. The function of the distal tubule is to continue to absorb water and sodium. }, and can secrete potassium, hydrogen and ammonia, to maintain blood acid-base balance. Aldosterone can promote the absorption of sodium, potassium and vasopressin in some epithelial cells to improve the water absorption, so that the urine concentration and urine volume can be reduced. The main physiological function of the kidney is the generation of urine, and the excretion of metabolites and some waste, toxic substances, and through the re absorption of useful substances, regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. In addition, some of the important endocrine hormones in the kidney are secreted (such as renin, erythropoietin (EPO), and insulin,Gastrin, parathyroid hormone, and other hormones that destroy life