Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. BHRI-43 was the parent line in all experiments. Transgenic rice (T3 homozygous Rca-Oa single-copy lines as described below) and segregating lines not containing the transgenes (referred to as the null segregant )were sown in 66-well sowing trays after seeds had been soakedinwater for 1.5 days. The seedlings were transplanted to 9 cm diameter pots after 20 days and 14 individuals of similar size/height(visualscore) were chosen for experiments. Plants were grown in a growth medium as outlined in Supplementary Table S1.