Table 5 summarizes the results of the longitudinal test. In this table, the tractive force applied by the locomotives and the horizontal force transferred to the rails above the approach and above the bridge under different loading configurations are shown. The values reported in this table are the maximum values at different time instants and hence they should not be added algebraically. The differences between tractive effort measured in the engine and on the rails may be attributed to other engines being active at the end of the formation (pushing), frictional force dissipation along the rails, slip of the wheels, and other rail dynamic effects. Table 6 summarizes the highest responses based on the measurements using Formation 2 under various loading scenarios.
Read More: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%29BE.1943-5592.0000338