AMPAR structure and subunit composi

AMPAR structure and subunit composition
All AMPAR subunits consist of highly homologous extra-
cellular and transmembrane regions, but vary in their
intracellular C-terminal domains. The GluA1, GluA4,
and an alternatively spliced form of GluA2 (GluA2L)
contains long C-terminal domains, whereas the GluA2,
GluA3, and an alternatively spliced form of GluA4
(GluA4S) have shorter C-terminal domains (Figure 1).
Expression of these subunits is developmentally
regulated and is region-specific. The C-termini of
AMPAR subunits contains multiple regulatory elements
that are subjected to various post-translational modifi-
cations, including protein phosphorylation, palmitoyla-
tion, and ubiquitination. They also interact with
scaffold proteins that bind signaling molecules as well
as cytoskeletal proteins. Hence, the C-terminal domains
of these subunits are crucial for the regulation of AMPAR
function, including channel gating, trafficking, and stabil-
ization at synapses [1,2].
AMPARs are assembled as two identical heterodimers
with GluA1/2 being the most predominant AMPAR sub-
type in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, followed by
GluA2/3 heteromers [3 ? ]. The presence of GluA2 subunit
has a profound impact on the biophysical property of
AMPAR heteromeric complexes such that the GluA2-
containing AMPARs are Ca 2+ -impermeable with linear
current–voltage relationship while GluA2-lacking recep-
tors are Ca 2+ -permeable and have an inwardly rectifying
current–voltage relationship. The subunit composition of
AMPARs also governs the rules of AMPAR trafficking.
The long-tailed AMPARs are important for the activity-
dependent insertion of AMPARs to synapses during
synaptic strengthening, such as LTP, whereas the

結果 (中文) 1:

AMPAR 结构和亚基组成所有 AMPAR 亚基都组成高度同源的额外-细胞和跨膜区，但不同的自己细胞内的 C-末端结构域。GluA1，GluA4，和 GluA2 剪接的形式 (GluA2L)包含长 C-末端结构域，而 GluA2，GluA3 和 GluA4 剪接的形式(GluA4S) 有较短的 C-末端结构域 (图 1)。这些亚基表达是发育调节，是特定区域。C-总站AMPAR 亚基包含多个调控元件这被遭受各种翻译后的修饰-阳离子，包括蛋白磷酸化，palmitoyla-和泛素化。他们还与交互将绑定以及信号分子的支架蛋白作为细胞骨架蛋白。因此，C-末端结构域这些亚基是关键 AMPAR 规范功能，包括通道门控、 贩运和细长-化在突触 [1，2]。AMPARs 组装成两个相同的异GluA1/2 是最主要的 AMPAR 子-大鼠海马锥体神经元，依次键入GluA2/3 heteromers [3]？。GluA2 亚基的存在在生物物理特性上有着深远的影响AMPAR 缝隙配合这样的 GluA2-含有 AMPARs 是 ca2 +-防渗与线性同时 GluA2 缺乏雷杰-电流-电压关系职权范围是 ca2 +-渗透和有内向矫正电流-电压关系。亚基组成分析AMPARs 也支配 AMPAR 贩运的规则。长尾 AMPARs 是重要的活动-取决于插入的 AMPARs 到突触期间突触增强，如 LTP，而

結果 (中文) 3:

ampar亚基组成和结构全ampar subunits consist homologous额外的高度泡沫塑料和transmembrane区域，但在他们的varyintracellular C端结构域。《glua1，glua4，和一spliced alternatively形态的glua2（glua2l）C端结构域包含长的glua2，然而，glua3 alternatively形态，和一glua4 spliced哦（glua4s）结构域的C端有短（图1）。这是developmentally subunits expression of是调节和区域特异性。完成“C”ampar元素包含多subunits监管这是subjected到修改后的各种translationalcations phosphorylation，包括蛋白质，palmitoyla -化和泛素化。他们还与互动扣式脚手架蛋白信号分子，怎么喝我的细胞骨架蛋白。因此，C端结构域的的这些“条例”有着重要的subunits ampartrafficking闸控功能，包括信道，和稳定的，在突触化[1,2]。我有两identical异源二聚体对AMPARs组装与glua1 / 2存在下最主要的ampar在海马神经元型pyramidal，跟着。（3 / 3 heteromers glua2吗？]。在银行的glua2亚单位有深刻的biophysical性质的影响这样的ampar异源复合物，glua2 -有含Ca2 +对AMPARs与线性impermeablecurrent–voltage关系而glua2 -埃尔- lacking躯干的Ca2 +渗透和有一个年inwardly校正current–voltage关系。的亚基组成的银行也对AMPARs governs ampar trafficking规则。《长尾对AMPARs论坛活动具有重要的在对AMPARs对银行依赖性突触insertionsynaptic强化，就像你的LTP，然而