Several combinations of microwave pretreatment along with acidand alkali have been reported by Zhu et al. [152] for rice straw. Acidand alkali pretreatments remove hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.More lignin was removed by microwave assisted pretreatment ascompared to pretreatment with alkali alone. It is evident by the resultsthat the lower microwave power with longer pretreatment time andhigher microwave power with shorter pretreatment time had almost thesame effect on lignin removal and composition of lignocellulosic material at the same energy consumption.