with women age 35–60 years, both a lead-time gain of more than 3 years with HPV-testing versus cytology and overdiagnosis of regressive lesions, could contribute to this finding and further follow-up is needed. The high early occurrence of CIN3 after HPV infection in young women is consistent with large lead-time gains with HPV testing in this age group. However, the clinical relevance of these lesions is unclear.