To solve the problems that occur due to manual practices, various studies have been conducted to automate some of the schedule-update processes [e.g., Chin et al. (2008); Rebolj et al. (2008); Bosch e et al. (2009); Bosch e (2010); Golparvar-Fard et al. (2009), (2015); Ibrahim et al. (2009); Zhang et al. (2009); Turkan et al. (2012); Kim et al. (2013a)]. These studies showed that the use of data-collection technologies [e.g., radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors, digital cameras, and laser scanners] and building information models (BIMs), which are considered emerging information and communication technologies (Lu et al. 2015), can improve the efficiency of collecting as-built data from a site and automate the process of analyzing the collected data and comparing them with the planned progress.