6. Framing effects can even shape our estimates of longevity. Research by
a group led by John Payne, a professor at Duke University’s Fuqua
School of Business, finds that when people are asked to estimate their
lifespan using different frames, they come up with strikingly different
answers. In particular, asking subjects if they will “live to” a certain age
leads to estimates that are roughly six to nine years longer than asking
if they will “die by” a given age.