Ice hockey face masks have been shown to reduce the incidence of facial injuries. In high school, face masks are required for all players, not just the goal keeper. Helmets should be equipped it h commercial plastic-coated wire-mesh guards that must meet standards set by the Hockey Equipment Certification Council (ECC) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) (Figure 6-8C). The openings in the guard must be small enough to prevent a hockey stick from penetrating. Plastic guards such as polycarbonate face shields have been approved by the HECC/ASTM and by the CSA Committee on Hockey Protective Equipment. In addition to face protectors, goal-keepers should wear commercial throat protectors