While we found significant correlations between memory performance and serum lutein concentrations, there are some limitations worth considering. While spatial reconstruction tasks have been shown to elicit the hippocampus, hippocampal-dependent cognition can also be assessed via other tasks/paradigms that could inform the specific memory processes that benefit from lutein. Second, relative to a previously studied Midwest sample, our serum lutein concentrations were lower when compared to the population average (0.28 µmol/L ± 0.13 versus 0.129 µmol/L ± 0.06) [32]. This, however, may be explained by the higher BMI of our sample. Finally, this study design was cross-sectional, providing no insights into the causal mechanisms that may underlie the carotenoid and relational memory relationship. Intervention studies are necessary to understand whether improvement in lutein status does, in fact, positively influence hippocampal-dependent relational memory performance.