Assessment and Diagnosis of Sports-Related Head InjuryThe initial assessment of any sports-related head injury should follow standard emergency medicine procedures. Assessment of the “ABCs” (airway, breathing, circulation) and evaluation for concomitant cervical spine injury should be the first step in management. The presence of any “red flag” symptoms ( Table 1 ) should raise concerns for a serious head injury, such as an intracranial hemorrhage or skull fracture, and requires immediate evaluation in the ED, likely advanced head or neck imaging, and possible specialist consultation. The appropriate emergency action plan should be initiated and the athlete stabilized and transported to the designated medical facility.