According to the example presented in Fig. 2, while no changes in bacteria clusters were observed on the biocide-free control cytograms (Fig. 2d), some changes in membrane integrity were observed depending on the biocide used and contact time applied. Regarding stabilized HOBr (Fig. 2a), bacterial integrity loss was slow and progressive leading to a main part of non-intact cells after 60 minutes. Conversely, loss of integrity was fast when using NaClO alone or with NaBr (Fig. 2b and c, respectively). Indeed, the whole population became non-intact within a 5-min contact time with NaClO alone, and 15 min with NaClO coupled with NaBr.