Richard. Richard was diagnosed with a devel- opmental delay, and his SLP reported that he also had childhood apraxia of speech. Richard com- municated mainly through the use of gestures (pointing and reaching), vocalizations, and speech approximations, in addition to occasionally using the graphic symbols that were available in his classroom (see the section on Robyn, above); he seldom used head nods/shakes or manual signs. Richard vocalized frequently but produced very few intelligible words besides no. He was sponta- neously able to produce several vowels and m, n, and b.