Acceleration responses at the crests of slopes are
dependent on input wave frequency and location;
they are also functions of the plastic displacement
(or the robustness status) of the slope. The
amplification factor (Am), which is defined as the
ratio of the peak response acceleration at the slope
crest to the input peak base acceleration, increases
with increasing input wave frequency ( f ); it
decreases with increasing setback distance from the
slope crest, and with increasing plastic displacement
(or the extent of yielding) of the slope. Under a
plastic slope displacement of Dmax/Ht > 5.0–
5.9 3 102, the values of Am obtained at the slope
crest are less than unity, regardless of the input wave
frequency or the setback distance from the crest of
the slope.
2. The amplification factor (Am) obtained at the crest of
the slope shows nonlinear degradation with increasing
input ground acceleration (HPGA). The relationship
of Am to HPGA can be expressed using
logarithmic functions. These relationships shows
frequency-dependent behavior. Transitions from the
state of amplification towards the state of deamplification
at the crest of the slope consistently
precede the critical collapse state of the slopes. At
this transitional state, plastic slope displacements of
Dmax/Ht ¼ 0.25–5.9 3 102 occur.
3. The resonant acceleration response at the crest of the
slope does not need to be considered in the stability
evaluation at yield, or post-yield, for a slope with
Dmax/Ht . 5.0–5.9 3 102. For the at-yield or postyield
states of the slope, a measurable plastic slope
displacement, associated with major failure planes in
the backfill, occurs. A de-amplification state at the
slope crest is dominant at this stage of shaking. On
the other hand, the resonance acceleration response
at the slope crest is a major factor to be considered
in the seismic stability evaluation for a reinforced
slope with small plastic slope displacements of Dmax/
Ht < 0.25 3 102.
Acceleration responses at the crests of slopes aredependent on input wave frequency and location;they are also functions of the plastic displacement(or the robustness status) of the slope. Theamplification factor (Am), which is defined as theratio of the peak response acceleration at the slopecrest to the input peak base acceleration, increaseswith increasing input wave frequency ( f ); itdecreases with increasing setback distance from theslope crest, and with increasing plastic displacement(or the extent of yielding) of the slope. Under aplastic slope displacement of Dmax/Ht > 5.0–5.9 3 102, the values of Am obtained at the slopecrest are less than unity, regardless of the input wavefrequency or the setback distance from the crest ofthe slope.2. The amplification factor (Am) obtained at the crest ofthe slope shows nonlinear degradation with increasinginput ground acceleration (HPGA). The relationshipof Am to HPGA can be expressed usinglogarithmic functions. These relationships showsfrequency-dependent behavior. Transitions from thestate of amplification towards the state of deamplificationat the crest of the slope consistentlyprecede the critical collapse state of the slopes. Atthis transitional state, plastic slope displacements ofDmax/Ht ¼ 0.25–5.9 3 102 occur.3. The resonant acceleration response at the crest of theslope does not need to be considered in the stabilityevaluation at yield, or post-yield, for a slope withDmax/Ht . 5.0–5.9 3 102. For the at-yield or postyieldstates of the slope, a measurable plastic slopedisplacement, associated with major failure planes inthe backfill, occurs. A de-amplification state at theslope crest is dominant at this stage of shaking. Onthe other hand, the resonance acceleration responseat the slope crest is a major factor to be consideredin the seismic stability evaluation for a reinforcedslope with small plastic slope displacements of Dmax/Ht < 0.25 3 102.
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